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Knowledge Map Analysis of China's New Fourth Army Research Based on Citespace

Journal: SunText Review of Economics & Business

DOI: 10.51737/2766-4775.2023.075

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Article Type: Research Article
Authors: Peng S and Fanyun Z
Keywords: Literature focuses on 13 topics; Including the War of Resistance against Japan; The battlefield behind the enemy; The relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party

Abstract

Purpose/Significance: This paper systematically analyses the core authors, institutions, and journals of the "New Fourth Army" research in China from 2012 to 2022, combs, and summarizes the development trend of the "New Fourth Army" research in China. Using CiteSpace software, data visualization analysis was conducted on 1186 related articles in the core journals of the "New Fourth Army" and CSSCI journals, to better understand the content and significance of these articles.

Results/Conclusion: Through analysis, the research of the "New Fourth Army" in China showed a downward trend of overall fluctuation. The relevant research was "surge" in 1995, 2005, and 2015, respectively. After a long period of development, China's "New Fourth Army" research has formed core authors, core institutions, and core publications. The keyword analysis of the "New Fourth Army" research shows that the "New Fourth Army" literature focuses on 13 topics, including the War of Resistance against Japan, the battlefield behind the enemy, and oral history. The five research topics, including the War of Resistance against Japan, oral history, and the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, are the hot spots and frontiers of the domestic "New Fourth Army" research at this stage and in the future.

Introduction

For a communist, the revolutionary history of the CPC is an indelible experience, which provides us with valuable enlightenment. The New Fourth Army played an important role in China's Anti-Japanese War, and its historical contribution provided us with valuable clues to understanding China's Anti-Japanese War. Their contributions have won victory for the Chinese people and left valuable historical memories for future generations. The in-depth study of the history of the New Fourth Army is an inevitable need to further carry out the scientific research work of China's War of Resistance, an important source of strength to further carry forward the red gene-culture, and a new era requirement to summarize the experience and lessons of the War of Resistance and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation [1,2]. In recent years, with the in-depth development of the study of the history of China's Anti-Japanese War, it is more necessary to strengthen and enrich the study of the history of the New Fourth Army, and further increase the exploration of its important position, key figures, and the spirit of the Iron Army, combat experience and practical problems. For a long time, many parties, military history units, colleges and universities, scientific research institutions, and some social organizations have carried out in-depth research on the "New Fourth Army" and produced a lot of results. At present, relevant scholars have formed some comments and summaries by reviewing and summarizing the research of the "New Fourth Army", such as the Review of the Research on the Military Strategic Transformation of the Communist Party of China in the Early Anti-Japanese War [3], the Sorting out of the Historical Data of the Anti-Japanese War in the Past 50 Years [4], etc. However, in terms of bibliometric analysis, there are relatively few studies on the current situation of the "New Fourth Army" [3,4]. Through research and analysis of a certain field, we can better understand the current situation and development trend of this field, thus providing a reference for scientific research. This will not only help us make decisions but also help scientific researchers better predict the future of this field. CNKI is an important national knowledge platform and has broad influence and authoritative status in the academic community. Through the research of the "New Fourth Army", combined with the core journals in CNKI and the full-text data of CSSCI journals, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the relevant research of the "New Fourth Army", to better understand the research situation of the New Fourth Army in China and provide a reference for experts and scholars engaged in the research of the New Fourth Army or the history of the War of Resistance Against Japan.

Data Sources and Research Methods

Data source

This study uses data from the CNKI network publishing database. On December 15, 2022, a total of 14313 data were retrieved through the precise search input subject="New Fourth Army", including 8263 academic journals, 169 academic theses, 4112 conference papers, and 629 newspaper articles. This study only selected the data sources in the core journals and CSSCI database. These results reflected the relatively influential academic journals in China. 1192 relevant results were obtained through screening, 6 duplicate documents were removed, and 1186 documents were finally determined as the main data sources of this study.

Research methods

Cite Space is a visual development tool designed by Professor Chen Chaomei [5], which can realize data visualization in a JAVA environment. After the launch of Cite Space software in 2006, due to its excellent visualization function, it has been widely concerned by researchers around the world [5]. Hou Jianhua and Chen Yue [6] are early experts who applied Cite Space software in China [6]. They made a visual analysis of the literature data of Strategic Management Monthly from 1980 to 2005, and deeply studied the latest development and evolution in the field of strategic management. After 16 years of development, as of December 15, 2022, the author found through CNKI retrieval that the number of documents using Cite Space for research has reached 10795. The New Fourth Army, led by the CPC, played an important role in the Anti-Japanese War. China's armed forces have been resisting Japanese aggression and have made great contributions to the liberation of the Chinese nation and the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War. For a long time, many institutions, including the party history department, military history department, scientific research institutes, and other relevant organizations, have carried out extensive research on the "New Fourth Army" and made many important achievements. However, the research on bibliometric analysis is relatively insufficient. Based on the statistical analysis of the relevant research of the "New Fourth Army", this paper combs the number of documents, published journals, institutions, and authors' research results, keywords, and research trends, which can provide a reference basis for the study of the New Fourth Army and the history of the Anti-Japanese War. Through the use of Cite Space 6.1. R4 software, the research status of the "New Fourth Army" in China was quantitatively analysed, and the conclusions were drawn using the bibliometric method. The period is from 1992 to 2022. The time slice is set to 1, and Top50 is used as the threshold. The network clipping is set to pathfinding network and pruning and merging network. The author collaboration diagram, keyword co-occurrence diagram, and research trend diagram are created. The study of the "New Fourth Army" has received extensive attention in China. This paper will discuss the current research situation and the latest trends of the "New Fourth Army" in depth.

Research and Analysis of the New Fourth Army

Document volume analysis

The number of published papers is a key index to measure the development of a certain field in a certain period. At the same time, it can also more directly see the changes in the enthusiasm for internal medicine research in this field. It is of great significance to analyse the changing trend of a certain field and predict its future development direction [7]. By using the Excel tool, we made a statistical analysis of 1186 documents. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the earliest document in the study of the "New Fourth Army" was published in the Journal of the Party School of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee, which was Zhou Jianchao's contribution to the struggle of the Southern Anhui Incident in 1992 (Figure 1). This article summarizes Liu Shaoqi's struggle activities and contributions in Yancheng, Central China, during the Southern Anhui Incident. From 1992 to 2022, the average annual number of papers published under the theme of "New Fourth Army" was 38, and the number of papers published showed a slight downward trend. The three periods with more papers were 1995 (148), 2005 (64), and 2015 (83). In 1995, to commemorate the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, 148 core and CSSCI papers were published by scholars from all walks of life in "learning the red history and remembering the revolutionary martyrs", especially the "New Fourth Army" research. These papers reflected the attention of all walks of life to the war at that time. 2005 is an important day for the 60th anniversary of China's victory in the War of Resistance against Japan. "Taking history as a mirror, carrying forward patriotism, and carrying forward the spirit of the War of Resistance against Japan" scholars in history and other related fields published 64 core and CSSCI papers. In 2015, to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the "New Fourth Army" research papers with the theme of "remembering the history of China's development, remembering the martyrs, cherishing harmony, and opening up the future" and celebrating the victory of the People's War of Resistance against Japan and the World Anti-Fascist War reached 83.

Figure 1: Annual distribution of literature volume in the field of "New Fourth Army".


Figure 2:  Author cooperation network in the field of "New Fourth Army".


Figure 3: Keyword clustering of "New Fourth Army" literature.


Figure 4: Ranking of keyword bursts (top 11).

On the whole, there will be a "surge" in the relevant documents in the event of major commemorative events, but the total amount is still relatively small, which indicates that the support of relevant academic institutions for the research results of the New Fourth Army is still relatively weak and needs to be improved. During the Anti-Japanese War, the New Fourth Army, faced with extremely complex situations, made great efforts to resist the Japanese invaders in central China until it won. The New Fourth Army is an anti-Japanese force established when the Chinese nation is facing a crisis of life and death. Their persistence in fighting in central China has brought great inspiration to the Chinese nation and strengthened the people's confidence in the victory of the war of resistance. The fine quality and glorious tradition of the New Fourth Army need to be inherited so that the spirit of the Iron Army will shine in the new era.

Key Authors and Cooperation Analysis

Analysis of important authors

"Author analysis" mainly analyses the ranking of each author’s published documents. In general, the number of research documents of the author reflects that the author has great relevance to this direction and is good at or pays attention to the innovation of this technical direction. For other researchers, the papers of high-yield authors have a good reference for research in the whole field. According to the analysis of the authors, it can be seen from Table 1 that published the largest number of documents, with the numbers 8, 7, 7 and 7 respectively (Table 1). The eight papers published by Tong Zhiqiang mainly focus on the background of the "Southern Anhui Incident" and "Central China Enemy Base Area". Among them, six papers published under the background of the "Southern Anhui Incident", through a comprehensive analysis of the cross-strait archives and historical data of the Southern Anhui Incident, have deeply explored the root cause of the incident [8]. Taking four authoritative monographs and reference books on the history of the Communist Party of China, Handouts on the History of the Chinese Revolution, Chronicles of the History of the CPC, Dictionary of the History of the CPC and History of the CPC as examples, this paper analyzes the losses of the New Fourth Army in the Southern Anhui Incident from the aspects of breakthrough, capture, sacrifice, and separation [9]. The Strange and Unfair Stories in the South of the Yangtze River -- The New Fourth Army and the Southern Anhui Incident is an outstanding masterpiece of Professor Li Liangzhi. The article provides readers with profound insights through a carefully designed structure, respect for historical facts, and comprehensive display of historical details, and reorganizes the deeds of Gao Jingting, Rao Shushi, Mao Zedong, and others [10]. The two papers published in the background of "Central China Enemy Rear Base Area" studied the military struggle in the Central China Enemy Rear Base Area [11] and the historical contribution of the base area [11,12]. Wang Jianguo published seven papers, which discussed three dimensions: the local regime of the Kuomintang in southern Anhui [13], the land tax [14] and tax [15] in the anti-Japanese base area in central China, and the absolute leadership of the Party over the army [13-15]. The seven papers published by Wang Zuqi, based on the guiding ideology of Mao Zedong [16], Chen Yi [17], and Xiang Ying [18], the key figures in the background of the New Fourth Army research, discussed the key figures such as Fang Lieshu from a new perspective [19]; Jiang Jingyu played an important role in the political, economic and social construction of the New Fourth Army base area. His actual actions and successful cases reflect the development of the New Fourth Army in the enemy base area during the Anti-Japanese War [20]; and the experience and lessons from the Southern Anhui Incident [16-21].

Author cooperation analysis

By observing the author cooperation network diagram, we can better understand the relationship between different authors in this field [22]. In this paper, CiteSpace software is used to process the sample literature data, and the node type is set to the author, while other nodes remain the default. The CiteSpace software allows sample data to be imported and collated using Excel tools. According to the analysis of the authors, it can be seen from Table 1 that "Tong Zhiqiang" (8 articles) has published the largest number of papers, and the other three authors have published 7 papers respectively. The authors and research teams of the "New Fourth Army" have played an important role in the "New Fourth Army", and they have had a profound impact on the research of the "New Fourth Army". According to Price's Law, M=0.74 ?NMAX, M represents the author with the least number of articles, and NMAX represents the author with the most number of articles. If NMAX=8, M=0.74 ? 8 ? 3, then the author who has published three or more articles can be regarded as the core author. In this sample, 52 authors have published articles. The total number of articles published by all authors is 335, accounting for 15.52%. According to Price's Law, Price's Law calculates core authors. If the number of posts of core authors reaches 50% of the total number of posts, it indicates that the core author group has formed. According to the calculation, the number of articles published by core authors is only 15.52%, indicating that the scientific research cooperation between authors is weak and the number of articles published is relatively small. Although a few core authors and research teams have been formed, some core authors and research teams with high productivity and high influence have not yet been formed. According to Figure 2, the author cooperation network diagram of the "New Fourth Army" field drawn by Citespace software, in which only five scattered clusters of authors have been formed, further indicates that the influential core authors and research teams in this field have not yet formed (Figure 2).

Analysis of core journals

"Journal analysis" mainly analyses the journals in which each researcher publishes research literature. Generally, the more relevant documents published by a journal, the greater the relevance of the journal to the technology or direction, and the innovation in the technology direction. The number of periodicals published to a large extent shows the importance that the journal attaches to this technology or direction. At the same time, the journal analysis also points out the direction for researchers to conduct in-depth research and material collection. Through analysis, it can be found that the top ten journals in this field are published, as shown in (Table 2). According to Table 2, in terms of the "New Fourth Army", "Archives and Construction" (160 articles) is the most published. Archives and Construction, founded in 1984, is a periodical sponsored by the Archives Society of Jiangsu Province and a permanent column in the literature and history section. The Cultural Construction of the Central China Anti-Japanese Base Area, published in 2013 (cited 7 times and downloaded 270 times), summarized the literature, drama, music, and art creation of the Central China Anti-Japanese Base Area, and explained that the cultural cause of the Central China Anti-Japanese Base Area played an important role in winning the war of resistance [23]. In 2011, the Red Newspapers and Periodicals in the Anti-Japanese Base Area of Southern Jiangsu Province (cited 6 times and downloaded 274 times) was published to systematically sort out 60 newspapers and periodicals established by the Party, government, and military organizations in Jiangsu Province during the Anti-Japanese War. These newspapers and periodicals played an important role in publicizing the Party's policies, introducing domestic and foreign situations, reporting the performance of the Anti-Japanese War, and encouraging the morale of the military and the people, and became the important mouthpiece and battle horn of the Party and the military and the people [24]. In 2012, the number of papers published in the "New Fourth Army" field of Archives and Construction reached 160 at most. These 160 papers focused on the deeds of anti-Japanese generals and discussed the importance and role of archives and other historical materials in the history of the anti-Japanese war. Secondly, the number of papers published in "Research on the Party History of the Communist Party of China" (54), "Research on the War of Resistance against Japan" (52), and "Anhui History" (51) is more than 50, second only to "Archives and Construction". The Research on the Party History of the Communist Party of China was founded in 1981 and is in the charge of the Central Institute of History and Information Research. It focuses on the research on historical topics, the research on Marxist Mao Zedong Thought, the literature and materials of the Party history, and the review of the Party history treatises. The Battle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the Development of the New Fourth Army to Northern Jiangsu (cited 14 times and downloaded 1066 times) was released in 2020, from 1939 to 1940, the CPC gradually formulated and implemented the strategy of developing northern Jiangsu, and the battle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the development of the New Fourth Army to northern Jiangsu reflected the keynote and bottom line of the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1940 [25]. The Anti-Japanese War Research, a magazine sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was launched in 1991. The magazine has special articles and character research columns. "The Kuomintang's Journey to the Southern Anhui Incident" was published in 2002 for 39 times and downloaded 3656 times. This article describes the Southern Anhui Incident in January 1941 and describes how the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party went from a "honeymoon" to a complete breakdown [26]. Anhui History is an academic journal managed by the Anhui Academy of Social Sciences and published in 1957. It covers various fields such as historical theory and criticism. The Anti-Japanese War in Central China was published 24 times in 2011 and downloaded 544 times. The paper discusses that the government of the Central China Anti-Japanese War Base Area attaches special importance to the social preferential treatment management of veterans, injured soldiers, and anti-Japanese families. Social preferential treatment management has great historical significance in mobilizing the masses to actively participate in the war, closely developing the interpersonal relationship between the party, government, military, and people, and actively cooperating with the development of the united front [27].

Analysis of important institutions

The analysis of the author's organization is helpful to understand the important core organizations of scientific research in the relevant fields of the "New Fourth Army" at home and abroad. Through systematic analysis, the core institutions of the research of the "New Fourth Army" in China are shown in (Table 3). The data in Table 3 shows that the Second Historical Archives of China, the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the Literature Research Office of the CPC Central Committee have published a large number of papers on the research of the New Fourth Army. The Second Historical Archives of China has rich historical data and a professional research team, providing strong support for the research in the field of the "New Fourth Army". At the same time, among the top ten institutions with the number of documents issued, the Jiangsu Provincial Archives (6), the College of Social Sciences of Yancheng Normal University (6), the Research Office of the Party History of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (5), and the Department of History of Nanjing University (5) are also comprehensive universities or research institutions.

In addition, the Social College of Yancheng Normal University, which ranks third in the number of documents issued, has now changed its name to the School of History and Public Management of Yancheng Normal University. The number of documents issued in the original name is still retrieved in the CNKI system. If the two institutions, the Social College of Yancheng Normal University and the School of History and Public Management of Yancheng Normal University, are combined for statistics, more documents will be issued. Yancheng Normal University is located in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. It has a special New Fourth Army Research Institute, which is a professional institution engaged in the research of the history and culture of the New Fourth Army and the propaganda of the Red Culture. It has several core scholars, such as Professor Wang Huashu and Professor Wang Zuqi, and has carried out long-term in-depth research in the field of the "New Fourth Army". It is an important institution for the research of the "New Fourth Army" in China.

 


Development Trend and Research Frontier of the New Fourth Army

Keyword analysis

Through the keyword co-occurrence analysis of the "New Fourth Army" research paper, we can see the distribution of high-frequency keywords in this field. According to the statistics, the frequency of keywords appearing more than 5 times is shown in (Table 4). The high-frequency keywords in this field are the New Fourth Army (208 times), the Anti-Japanese War (40 times), the Southern Anhui Incident (35 times), etc. The keywords in the paper can summarize and reflect the content of the article, and are reliable evaluation indicators. When tagging keywords, the author will be affected by the achievements of other scholars and the keywords or similar keywords used in the paper. Based on this, it is feasible to analyze the research hotspot content, topic distribution, and topic structure of a discipline or topic based on the co-lexical approach. The keywords in the "New Fourth Army" literature are clustered by Citespace software to obtain the keyword clustering of the "New Fourth Army" literature, as shown in (Figure 3). The software classifies the keywords into 13 categories: # 0 Anti-Japanese War# 1 The battlefield behind the enemy# 2 Oral history# 3 Liu Shaoqi# 4 The Southern Anhui Incident# 5 Kuomintang# 6 War of Resistance# 7 People's army# 8 Patriotism and love education# 9 Gene inheritance# 10 Honorary director# 11 Humanistic characteristics# 12 Triple nature of the text.

Anti-Japanese War: The anti-Japanese guerrilla war behind the enemy played an important role in defeating the Japanese aggressors. The previous research on the history of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war was biased. For a long time, scholars in the Chinese Mainland have only paid attention to the study of guerrilla warfare behind the enemy lines within the Communist Party of China (CPC), while the in-depth study of guerrilla warfare behind the enemy lines within the Kuomintang is rare. In fact, during the War of Resistance against Japan, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party led guerrilla warfare behind the enemy lines [28].

The battlefield behind the enemy: the fifth plenary session of the Fifth Central Committee was held in 1939. The author of the paper did not turn to the passive anti-Japanese policy on the issue of the war of resistance [29].

Oral history: The victory of the Anti-Japanese War has brought great changes to the Chinese nation. From the struggle for independence to August 2018, Professor Zhang Lianhong's three-volume book contains the wonderful memories of 102 veterans of the Anti-Japanese War. These oral historical materials not only bring in-depth and detailed exploration to the study of the history of the Anti-Japanese War, but also provide valuable resources for the dissemination and promotion of the spirit of the Anti-Japanese War [30].

Liu Shaoqi: born on November 24, 1898, was appointed as a political member of the New Fourth Army at the beginning of 941.

The South Anhui Incident: The occurrence of the South Anhui Incident is inevitable, but there are also accidental factors. The Kuomintang insisted on restricting the development of the Communist Party of China's army and asked it to leave the two sides of the Yangtze River and move north to Jicha within the specified time. This is a tough attitude. In addition, the CPC Central Committee also hopes to be independent and vigorously develop and operate the central China region [31,32].

The Kuomintang: The Southern Anhui Incident broke out in January 1941, which made the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party go from "honeymoon".

Anti-Japanese War: After the "new intellectuals" entered Yan'an and the anti-Japanese base areas, due to the limitations of knowledge level, work experience, and other factors, most of them had to participate in the political work at the grass-roots level, and caused the contradictions and frictions between the new intellectual party members and cadres and the old workers and peasants, which triggered the rectification movement and the development of the army at the grass-roots level [33].

The People's Army: As one of the founders of the People's Army, Zhou Enlai has made great contributions to the establishment and development of the People's Army. The study of Comrade Zhou Enlai's outstanding contributions to the establishment, development, and expansion of the People's Army during his stay in Shanghai has eternal enlightenment for the goals, policies, and strategies of building a strong military proposed at the 18th National Congress, especially the 19th National Congress [34].

Patriotic and religious: Zhao Puchu has forged an indissoluble bond with the CPC since the 1930s. In the past 70 years, the Chinese people have made great achievements in the cause of liberation and socialist construction [35].

Gene inheritance: Efforts will be made to promote the construction of the training base for the memory of rural red tourism culture, and to contribute archive resources to the path of "inheritance and development of red tourism culture" in Kaihua [36].

Honorary director: introduce the life story of Chen Liao, who was born in September 1931, joined the Chinese Writers Association in 1979, and died in Nanjing at 2 a.m. on December 2, 2015 [37].

Humanistic characteristics: At present, under the impact of new media, Chinese TV faces both opportunities and challenges on the road of transformation. If you want to break through the encirclement and develop, you must base on yourself, rely on distinctive regional characteristics and human resources, seek external linkage, and focus on innovation internally, to establish a unique [38].

The threefold nature of the text: "March to the Enemy's Back" was published in 1939, and articles such as "Armed Political Task Force" included in the book have been published in the magazine. Compared with the book version, it reflects the complex problem of the "triple text", is a true portrayal of the repeated struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the book version during the Anti-Japanese War, and is also an important content of the study of the Chinese literary version [39].

Research trend analysis

Through the analysis of the knowledge map of sudden keywords, we can understand the research focus of the "New Fourth Army" in different historical stages. According to the sudden knowledge map analysis of keywords in the "New Fourth Army" literature, the top 11 keywords can be obtained as shown in (Figure 4). According to Figure 4, between 2012 and 2022, in chronological order, China's "New Fourth Army" research focused on the following core themes in different periods:

Typical characters in 2012-2013

According to the actual situation of college students' ideal and belief education at present, Zhejiang University has created a new teaching mode of "Meet on Friday". Relying on the school head teacher instructor team composed of the old Red Army, the new Fourth Army of the old National Revolutionary Army, and the old Communist Party members, it has selected different teaching objects for the three classes through the new Fourth Army education base and the old Communist Party member's home: revolutionary league members Activists for joining the Party and ordinary college students have also used four effective channels to jointly organize various characteristic education programs, and have achieved five remarkable results [40]. During the Anti-Japanese War, a group of outstanding traditional cultural workers inside and outside the Party who stayed in Shanghai, under the leadership of the South Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Shanghai Municipal Party Organization, adhered to the construction of the Anti-Japanese War propaganda and literature position, the creation of literary and artistic publications, the publication of newspapers and the distribution of books in the Sino-French Housing Leasing Area and the Anglo-American Common Concession in the isolated island of Shanghai, which was besieged by Japan, and took advantage of their unique geographical environment, It has written a glorious page in the history of modern book publishing [41].


Anti-Japanese War and Anti-Japanese War Battlefield in 2014-2017

During the Anti-Japanese War, cartoons, as an important way of mobilizing public opinion, were widely welcomed and had a strong appeal in the anti-Japanese democratic base areas under the leadership of the CPC. During the Anti-Japanese War, the CPC exposed the cruelty and cunning of the Japanese aggressors through cartoon propaganda, satirized the weakness and incompetence of the enemy, praised the bravery and sacrifice of heroes in the mountains of the liberated areas, demonstrated the intricate relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and demonstrated the way of life of the people in the mountains of the liberated areas and the new military-civilian relations. Their comic works focus on the theme in content and form, have strong news and artistry, and are also more popular [42]. After the successive fall of Wuhan and Guangzhou, China's Anti-Japanese War entered a new period of strategic stalemate. The relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has deteriorated seriously, leading to the escalation of friction [43].

The relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 2015-2020

During the period from 1939 to 1940, the Central Committee of the CPC gradually formulated and implemented the strategy of developing northern Jiangsu. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Jiangbei New Fourth Army to retreat to the south of the Yangtze River, and then the Communist Party troops south of the Yellow River also withdrew to the north of the Yellow River. Li Pinxian and Han Deqin were sent to encircle the New Fourth Army. In the process of the development of northern Jiangsu, the Fourth Front Army and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party launched a fierce battle, both military frictions and conflicts, and political strategic arrangements. In the process of the development of the New Fourth Army to the north of Jiangsu Province, the contest between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party showed that although the cooperation between the two sides had fallen into a serious crisis, they still managed to maintain this situation in the context of the War of Resistance Against Japan, which reflected the tone and bottom of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1940 [44]. After the first anti-Communist climax in the winter of 1939 and the spring of 1940, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party took a cold approach. In the spring and summer of 1940, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party made major political concessions and resolved their differences through multiple rounds of negotiations. However, the military conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in northern Jiangsu escalated again in the autumn and led to a stalemate in the peace talks, making the two sides face a new situation of comprehensive confrontation. The easing of the "anti-Communist climax" shows that during the war of resistance, the relationship between the two parties has been developing around the state of "weak stability", which can neither achieve true unity and cooperation nor lead to comprehensive confrontation [45].

Oral history in 2019-2020

Jiangsu Province held a symposium to discuss the current major historical events and conducted in-depth discussions on the publication of The Eternal Heart. To better inherit and carry forward the excellent tradition of the CPC, the Jiangsu Provincial Archives, in cooperation with the Party History Office of the Provincial Party Committee, compiled the "Four Revolutionary Spirits of Jiangsu" by using the precious historical documents collected by the Archives, which shows the spirit of the people of Jiangsu in historical events with the spirit of Zhou Enlai as the theme. This book aims to show readers the spirit of the people of Jiangsu in the revolutionary struggle [46]. The Anti-Japanese War played a vital role in the rise and revival of the Chinese nation. Professor Zhang Lianhong wrote a three-volume book in August 2018, containing the precious historical memories of 102 veterans of the Anti-Japanese War. These oral historical materials are not only conducive to the in-depth study of the history of the War of Resistance, but also the dissemination and promotion of the spirit of the War of Resistance.

Anti-Japanese War in 2019-2022

In the early days of the War of Resistance against Japan, the CPC carried out a large-scale guerrilla war and won victories in Shanxi and other places. Later, it consolidated North China and developed in Central China. Among these strategies, the initial goal was to enter the Central Plains, and the Eighth Route Army was responsible for achieving this goal. Shandong has become an important stronghold of the Eighth Route Army in North and Central China and has made considerable progress in the south. The main force of the 115th Division went to Shandong and cooperated with the local Eighth Route Army to form a strong force. Over time, the strategy of Central China has undergone major changes, and the New Fourth Army has become the military force mainly responsible for this area. Shandong's strategic position has become more important in this process and has gradually become a solid base [47]. After the outbreak of the all-around war of resistance against Japan, the CPC began to go deep into the social grassroots and grow through guerrilla warfare. At that time, various forces rose one after another, but the Communist Party of China, with its good discipline and firm faith, successfully established a foundation among the people. This also promoted the enthusiasm of the people for the revolution. When the guerrillas of the CPC entered the society, they experienced a transformation from emotion to the organization, and finally gained the support of the people [48].

Conclusion

Through the analysis of the knowledge map of China's "New Fourth Army" literature between 2012 and 2022, it can be found that the domestic "New Fourth Army" research showed a trend of overall fluctuation and decline. The relevant research was in 1995, 2005, and 2015, respectively, and there were significant commemorative events in three periods of time, which would have a "surge" phenomenon. After a long period of development, the study of the "New Fourth Army" in China has formed a core author of the Department of Social Sciences of the PLA University of Technology, including Professor Tong Zhiqiang, Professor Wang Jianguo, Professor Wang Huashu, and Professor Wang Zuqi of the Party History Research Office of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. They hold important positions in the School of History and Public Administration of Yancheng Normal University. Some core institutions have been formed in the research field of the "New Fourth Army", such as the Second Historical Archives of China, the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the Literature Research Office of the CPC Central Committee. These institutions have rich resources and professional research teams in the field of history, laying a solid foundation for the study of the "New Fourth Army". In the core issue of the "New Fourth Army" research, such journals as "Archives and Construction", "Research on the Party History of the Communist Party of China" and "Research on the War of Resistance Against Japan" published a large number of high-quality papers on the "New Fourth Army" research, providing an important carrier for the continuous deepening of the "New Fourth Army" research in China. Through the analysis of the keywords of the "New Fourth Army" research, it can be found that the "New Fourth Army" literature focuses on 13 topics such as the Anti-Japanese War, the battlefield behind the enemy, and oral history. The five research topics, such as the Anti-Japanese War, oral history, and the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, are the hot spots and frontiers of the study of the "New Fourth Army" in China at this stage and in the future. However, through bibliometric analysis, it is also found that there is a lack of scientific research cooperation among authors in the "New Fourth Army" field, resulting in a small number of published articles. Although a small number of core authors and research groups have been formed, there is still a lack of core authors and research groups with high productivity and high influence. The research content and form of the "New Fourth Army" are relatively simple, and in the integration and cooperation with other disciplines, the use of multiple methods for analysis and research is still insufficient, which has obvious constraints on the further promotion of the "New Fourth Army" research in China. However, with the further promotion of the theory and practice of the "New Fourth Army" in China, and with the joint efforts of the relevant researchers of the "New Fourth Army" in the country, the research of the "New Fourth Army" in China will be further deepened based on the existing accumulation, to provide important theoretical support for the "Iron Army spirit" to radiate a new light of the times.

This research is the research result of the General project of the open project of the New Fourth Army Research Institute in 2022, Research on the New Fourth Army Red Culture Communication Path Based on New Social Media (XSJ202206)

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